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Ranking · SDG 6.4.2

The water-stress ratio

Freshwater withdrawn as a share of what nature renews each year. Above 100% means a country is drawing down more than its renewable supply — possible only by desalinating seawater or mining fossil aquifers that don't refill. Ranked from the most stressed down.

Highest
3,851%
Kuwait
Median
11.0%
across 175 countries
Lowest
0.0%
Congo, Rep.
Top 12 of 175 · %
Kuwait3,851United Arab Emirates1,510Saudi Arabia974Libya817Qatar431Yemen, Rep.170Algeria145Egypt, Arab Rep.141Turkmenistan135Bahrain134Israel132Syrian Arab Republic124

175 countries · source: FAO AQUASTAT · years 2021–2022 · open this measure in the console →

SDG 6.4.2 level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available renewable freshwater resources. Values above 100% draw on desalination or non-renewable groundwater.
#CountryRegion%Year
1 Kuwait Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 3,851 2022
2 United Arab Emirates Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 1,510 2022
3 Saudi Arabia Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 974 2022
4 Libya Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 817 2022
5 Qatar Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 431 2022
6 Yemen, Rep. Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 170 2022
7 Algeria Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 145 2022
8 Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 141 2022
9 Turkmenistan Europe & Central Asia 135 2022
10 Bahrain Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 134 2022
11 Israel Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 132 2021
12 Syrian Arab Republic Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 124 2022
13 Uzbekistan Europe & Central Asia 123 2022
14 Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa 119 2022
15 Oman Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 117 2022
16 Pakistan Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 110 2022
17 Jordan Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 105 2022
18 Tunisia Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 98.1 2022
19 Sri Lanka South Asia 90.8 2022
20 Barbados Latin America & Caribbean 87.5 2022
21 Korea, Rep. East Asia & Pacific 85.2 2022
22 Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 81.3 2022
23 Eswatini Sub-Saharan Africa 77.6 2022
24 Malta Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 72.6 2022
25 Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia 69.9 2022
26 South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa 67.6 2022
27 India South Asia 66.5 2022
28 Armenia Europe & Central Asia 62.0 2022
29 Cabo Verde Sub-Saharan Africa 59.7 2022
30 Iraq Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 59.6 2022
31 Lebanon Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 58.8 2022
32 Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia 57.5 2022
33 Afghanistan Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 54.8 2022
34 Belgium Europe & Central Asia 52.8 2022
35 North Macedonia Europe & Central Asia 52.6 2022
36 St. Kitts and Nevis Latin America & Caribbean 50.8 2022
37 Morocco Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 50.8 2022
38 Kyrgyz Republic Europe & Central Asia 50.0 2022
39 Turkiye Europe & Central Asia 47.9 2022
40 West Bank and Gaza Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 47.8 2021
41 Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa 46.1 2022
42 Mexico Latin America & Caribbean 44.9 2022
43 Spain Europe & Central Asia 43.3 2022
44 China East Asia & Pacific 41.5 2022
45 Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia 40.2 2022
46 Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean 39.6 2022
47 Japan East Asia & Pacific 36.6 2022
48 Germany Europe & Central Asia 35.4 2022
49 Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia 34.6 2022
50 Singapore East Asia & Pacific 33.3 2022
51 Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa 33.2 2022
52 Poland Europe & Central Asia 32.5 2022
53 Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa 32.3 2022
54 Cyprus Europe & Central Asia 30.5 2022
55 Italy Europe & Central Asia 29.8 2022
56 Indonesia East Asia & Pacific 29.7 2022
57 Timor-Leste East Asia & Pacific 28.3 2022
58 United States North America 28.2 2022
59 Philippines East Asia & Pacific 27.8 2022
60 Denmark Europe & Central Asia 25.3 2022
61 Somalia, Fed. Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa 24.5 2022
62 Cuba Latin America & Caribbean 23.9 2022
63 Thailand East Asia & Pacific 23.0 2022
64 Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa 23.0 2022
65 Czechia Europe & Central Asia 22.0 2022
66 France Europe & Central Asia 21.4 2022
67 Trinidad and Tobago Latin America & Caribbean 20.3 2022
68 Greece Europe & Central Asia 20.3 2022
69 Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa 20.2 2022
70 Puerto Rico (US) Latin America & Caribbean 19.5 2022
71 Viet Nam East Asia & Pacific 18.1 2022
72 Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa 17.5 2022
73 Netherlands Europe & Central Asia 16.7 2022
74 Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa 16.3 2022
75 Maldives South Asia 15.7 2022
76 United Kingdom Europe & Central Asia 14.4 2022
77 St. Lucia Latin America & Caribbean 14.3 2022
78 Haiti Latin America & Caribbean 13.4 2022
79 Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa 13.2 2022
80 Estonia Europe & Central Asia 13.0 2022
81 Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa 13.0 2022
82 Moldova Europe & Central Asia 12.6 2022
83 Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean 12.4 2022
84 Portugal Europe & Central Asia 12.3 2022
85 El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean 12.1 2022
86 Uruguay Latin America & Caribbean 12.1 2022
87 Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa 11.3 2022
88 Niger Sub-Saharan Africa 11.0 2022
89 Argentina Latin America & Caribbean 10.5 2022
90 Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa 10.2 2022
91 Dominica Latin America & Caribbean 10.0 2022
92 Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa 9.7 2022
93 Chile Latin America & Caribbean 9.0 2022
94 Austria Europe & Central Asia 8.7 2022
95 Antigua and Barbuda Latin America & Caribbean 8.5 2022
96 Nepal South Asia 8.3 2022
97 Hungary Europe & Central Asia 8.1 2022
98 Ireland Europe & Central Asia 8.1 2022
99 New Zealand East Asia & Pacific 8.0 2022
100 Mali Sub-Saharan Africa 8.0 2022
101 St. Vincent and the Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean 7.9 2022
102 Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa 7.8 2022
103 Romania Europe & Central Asia 7.6 2022
104 Venezuela, RB Latin America & Caribbean 7.5 2022
105 Finland Europe & Central Asia 7.1 2022
106 Grenada Latin America & Caribbean 7.1 2022
107 Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean 6.8 2022
108 Switzerland Europe & Central Asia 6.5 2022
109 Djibouti Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 6.3 2022
110 Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa 6.3 2022
111 Ukraine Europe & Central Asia 6.3 2022
112 Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean 5.9 2022
113 Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa 5.8 2022
114 Myanmar East Asia & Pacific 5.8 2022
115 Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean 5.7 2022
116 Serbia Europe & Central Asia 5.7 2022
117 Bangladesh South Asia 5.7 2022
118 Slovenia Europe & Central Asia 5.6 2022
119 Cote d'Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa 5.1 2022
120 Peru Latin America & Caribbean 4.8 2022
121 Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific 4.8 2022
122 Albania Europe & Central Asia 4.8 2022
123 Australia East Asia & Pacific 4.7 2022
124 Belarus Europe & Central Asia 4.7 2022
125 Honduras Latin America & Caribbean 4.6 2022
126 Chad Sub-Saharan Africa 4.3 2022
127 Georgia Europe & Central Asia 4.2 2022
128 Russian Federation Europe & Central Asia 4.1 2022
129 Luxembourg Europe & Central Asia 4.0 2022
130 Suriname Latin America & Caribbean 4.0 2022
131 Canada North America 3.7 2022
132 Colombia Latin America & Caribbean 3.6 2022
133 Sweden Europe & Central Asia 3.6 2022
134 Brunei Darussalam East Asia & Pacific 3.5 2022
135 Malaysia East Asia & Pacific 3.4 2022
136 Mongolia East Asia & Pacific 3.4 2022
137 Togo Sub-Saharan Africa 3.4 2022
138 Guyana Latin America & Caribbean 3.3 2022
139 Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa 2.8 2022
140 Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa 2.6 2022
141 Slovak Republic Europe & Central Asia 2.4 2022
142 Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa 2.2 2022
143 Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean 2.2 2022
144 Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa 2.2 2022
145 Lithuania Europe & Central Asia 2.2 2022
146 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia 2.1 2022
147 Norway Europe & Central Asia 2.0 2022
148 Sao Tome and Principe Sub-Saharan Africa 1.9 2022
149 Angola Sub-Saharan Africa 1.9 2022
150 Paraguay Latin America & Caribbean 1.8 2022
151 Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa 1.8 2022
152 Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa 1.6 2022
153 Croatia Europe & Central Asia 1.5 2022
154 Brazil Latin America & Caribbean 1.5 2022
155 Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa 1.5 2022
156 Bhutan South Asia 1.4 2022
157 Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa 1.4 2022
158 Belize Latin America & Caribbean 1.3 2022
159 Cambodia East Asia & Pacific 1.0 2022
160 Latvia Europe & Central Asia 1.0 2022
161 Benin Sub-Saharan Africa 1.0 2022
162 Panama Latin America & Caribbean 0.9 2022
163 Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa 0.8 2022
164 Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa 0.5 2022
165 Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa 0.5 2022
166 Iceland Europe & Central Asia 0.4 2022
167 Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa 0.3 2022
168 Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa 0.3 2022
169 Fiji East Asia & Pacific 0.3 2022
170 Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa 0.3 2022
171 Congo, Dem. Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa 0.2 2022
172 Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean 0.2 2022
173 Equatorial Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa 0.2 2022
174 Papua New Guinea East Asia & Pacific 0.1 2022
175 Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa 0.0 2022

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